@article {2276, title = {Phytochemical Analysis of Curry Leaf Extract (Murraya koenigii L.) as a Potential Animal Feed and Medicinal Ingredient}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {471-477}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {471}, abstract = {

Herbal plants have been used for centuries as traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Green plants generally contain phytochemical compounds, such as vegetables and plants that add aroma to dishes, one of which is curry leaves (Murraya Koenigii). This research aims to identify the phytochemical compounds contained in curry leaves. This research was carried out from August 2023 to October 2023. The curry leaves that were obtained were converted into extract form and then the extract was tested for the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics and tannins. The research results showed that curry leaf extract contained 23.73\% alkaloids, 1.24\% flavonoids, 8.74\% saponins, 4.4\% phenolics, and 5.2\% tannins. Alkaloids in plants have a role as a defense against biotic and abiotic disorders. The benefits of flavonoids in plants include anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic. Saponins have various benefits in the health sector, including being able to reduce cholesterol concentrations in the blood. Polyphenols have good antioxidant power because this group can provide electrons to neutralize free radical electrons formed in the body. Tannins also consist of polyphenolic compounds which have antibacterial, antioxidant and astringent activities. The results of the analysis regarding the content of secondary metabolite compounds in curry leaf extract play an important role in the development of future medicines and need to be carried out to provide knowledge to the public. This study can be a basis for bioactive content for further research to expand the use of medicinal plants in the future, especially curry plants.

}, keywords = {Curry leaf extract, Human health, Medicine, Phytochemicals, Plant}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.75}, author = {Mohammad Anam Al Arif and Sunaryo Hadi Warsito and Mirni Lamid and Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari and Aswin Rafif Khairullah and Siti Rani Ayuti and Sugito and Intan Permatasari Hermawan and Oky Setyo Widodo and Rakhi Gangil} } @article {2147, title = {Effectiveness of the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Vector Control Program in Southeast Asia {\textendash} A Systematic Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {969-975}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {969}, abstract = {

Background: Dengue is still a major vector-borne disease problem in the world. It is caused by infection with the Dengue virus, which can be spread through a vector in the form of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. One of the ways to reduce the incidence of dengue infection is by controlling vectors. Aim: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of vector control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito on the dengue incidence in Southeast Asia. Methods and findings: This study was a systematic review that examines articles with experimental research designs and cluster randomized controlled trials. The scope of this research area is limited to Southeast Asian countries during 2012-2021. There are 333 articles obtained from two sources: PubMed and ScienceDirect, by using certain keywords. Furthermore, articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, so that 31 articles were obtained. A total of 6 articles that met the inclusion criteria were then selected for further analysis. Three journals that discussed the output in the form of the Larva Density Index (LDI) showed a decrease with significant results. Two journals that discussed biological control (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) got significant results in decreasing Pupal Density (PD). The two journals on chemical control (permethrin) that discussed the outcome of the presence or absence of IgG seroconversion show insignificant results. Conclusion: All control methods are considered effective. However, among the three vector control methods studied, the control with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is the most effective method.

}, keywords = {Aedes aegypti, Dengue, Dengue Control Program, human and health, Medicine, Tropical Disease.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.180}, author = {Sulistiawati and Miranda Jemyma Mas{\textquoteright}ulun and Anggita Kanza Ramadhany and Afiel Nadhifa Hanafie and Rani Fitri Alfiani and Sarah Evita Husnah and Agnes Ilene Suprapto Puteri and Anisa Novia Mahestari} } @article {1787, title = {A Review of an Important Plants: Annona squamosa Leaf}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {456-463}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Plants have been utilized extensively in traditional medicine by a range of nations since ancient times, and more research into their safety, efficacy, and quality value is needed. One of the plants that have been widely used by society in traditional medicine is Annona squamosa L. A. squamosa is commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Based on previous research, all parts of A. squamosa including bark, leaf, and roots have proven biological activities such as antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer, especially on the leaves. Indian people have long history used young leaves of A. squamosa for antidiabetic, besides in South China, they use seeds to decrease the cancer effect in the human body. The pharmacological activities of A. squamosa leaves are antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antidiarrheals, antiplatelet, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytoprotective. Phytochemicals in A. squamosa leaves include coumarins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and saponins. Meanwhile based on nutritional analysis shows that the A. squamosa leaves are water, protein, lipids, Fiber Ash and Calcium.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Medicine, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Traditional medicinal plant}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.58}, author = {Arifia Safira and Prasita Widayani and Dhiya An-Najaaty and Cinta Atsa Mahesa Rani and Mela Septiani and Yan Arengga Syah Putra and Tridiganita Intan Solikhah and Aswin Rafif Khairullah and Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo} } @article {1406, title = {A Few Potential Treatments of Asthma in Vietnam}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {640-643}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {640}, abstract = {

Asthma is a chronic condition that can be fatal if it isn{\textquoteright}t treated promptly during an attack. Patients with an asthma attack cannot breathe enough air to supply the body with oxygen and within minutes, the patient can die. In Vietnam today, people can buy antibiotics on their own without the need of a doctor to prescribe or visit. Many people who only see signs of coughing, wheezing have voluntarily bought antibiotics for use. The overuse of antibiotics is very common in asthma patients. In fact, antibiotics are not effective in most types of asthma. Abuse of antibiotics is not only ineffective, but also makes the patient more tired, reduces resistance, and digestive disorders. Some antibiotics can even lead to acute asthma attacks. This article covers some of the remedies that can eradicate asthma with a combination of several fairly safe treatments. Through analysis of the scientific composition and current studies, it is possible to treat asthma and maintain good health.

}, keywords = {Asthma, Health, Medicine, Patient, Prevention}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.81}, author = {Huynh Tan Hoi} } @article {1412, title = {Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of 70\% Ethanol Extract from Ruta angustifolia for Developing Anti-Hepatitis C Agents}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {682-687}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {682}, abstract = {

Background: Medicinal plants are potential sources for drug candidates. It possesses with various metabolites which have many pharmacology effects. Ruta angustifolia is one of medicinal plants that has been used traditionally for liver disease. Previous study it has been demonstrated to inhibit hepatitis C virus under in vitro cell culture. It decreased protein NS3 level and gave synergistic effect in combination with simeprevir and telaprevir. This plant provides a prospective candidate to develop as anti-HCV Objective: This study evaluates the phytochemistry screening for qualitative assay and determine the concentration of rutin as marker compound for developing R. angustifolia extract as anti-HCV agent. Materials and Methods: R. angustifolia leaves were extracted with 70\% of ethanol. Extract and rutin were analysis their anti-HCV activity by in vitro culture cells of Huh7it. The concentration of rutin was determine by TLC densitometry. Results: The 70\% ethanol extract of R. angustifolia dan rutin exhibit anti-HCV activities with IC50 value of 2.9 {\textpm} 0.8 μg/ml and 28.1 {\textpm} 5.6 μg/ml, respectively. Screening phytochemistry demonstrated to contain flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid and polyphenols. TLC densitometry analysis yield the concentration of rutin in extract 0.06 \%. Conclusion: Extract of 70\% ethanol of R. angustifolia has a potential anti-HCV activity. Extract of R. angustifolia may provide a good candidate for developing anti-HCV agents.

}, keywords = {Hepatitis C Virus, Infectious disease, Medicinal plants, Medicine, Ruta angustifolia, Rutin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.87}, author = {Tutik Sri Wahyuni and Adita Ayu Permanasari and Lidya Tumewu and Aty Widyawaruyanti and Achmad Fuad Hafid} } @article {404, title = {Contemporary Use of Phytocosmetics in Three Districts from North-Eastern Algeria}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {September 2017}, pages = {762-766}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {762}, abstract = {

Background: In Algeria, the cosmetic market is competitive, with an annual growth of 12\%. Because of the toxicity of synthetics cosmetics, the industry is currently more concentrated on herbal cosmetics. Phytocosmetic is an important aspect of traditional medicine in Algerian culture, whose information is scanty. Objective: The present study has been conducted to assess quantitatively the use of herbs in phytocosmetics application. Method: Data was collected from 300 users via face to face interviews using semi-structured questionnaire in three districts from North-eastern Algeria: Annaba, El Tarf and Skikda. Five parameters were evaluated including the demographic characteristics, the form of cosmetic preparation and, medicinal stories used in cosmetic applications. Results: The soap (67\%) and a fixed oil (56\%) were the preparation forms most used in phytocosmetics applications. Although, five medicinal plants were recorded: Aloe vera (L.) Burm.F., Matricaria recutita L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck and Ricinus communis L. The highest relative citation frequency (RFC) was attributed to A. vera in the three district Skikda (0.68), Annaba (0.57), and El Tarf (0.43). Eleven traditional recipes have been described. Conclusion: This study is able to record the available information the importance of phytocosmetic in traditional medicine. However, further research should be conducted in Algeria, to explore the toxicity of these products.

}, keywords = {Algeria, Medicine, Phytocosmetic, Scanty., Toxicity, Traditional}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6.120}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/173}, author = {Amel Bouzabata} } @article {137, title = {Updates on Traditional Medicinal Plants for Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Pharmaceutical Journals}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, pages = {203-214}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {203}, abstract = {

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide problem primarily caused by hepatitis B and C virus infection. End stage liver cancer treatment options are limited thus requiring expensive liver transplantation which is not available in many countries. Methods: Several herbal compounds and herbal composite formulas have been studied through in-vitro and in vivo as an anti-HCC agent, enhancing our knowledge about their biological functions and targets. In this article, arecent update on the herbal medicine has been provided with reference to liver cancer. Results: For the sake of clarity, the effective herbal compounds, clinical studies of herbal composite formula, cell culture, and animal model studies safety are discussed. The effects of many herbal active compounds of Annona atemoya, Andrographis paniculata, Boerhaviadiffusa, Piper longum, Podophyllum hexandrum, Phyllanthus amarus, and Terminalia chebula, and herbal composite formula on autophagy, apoptosis, antioxidant, and inflammation characteristicshave been provided. Conclusion: This will enhance our understanding\ on the prevention and treatment of HCC by herbal active compounds\ and herbal composite formulas.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Herbs, Liver cancer, Medicine, Treatment.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.5}, author = {Shilu Mathew and Muhammad Faheem and Mohd Suhail and Kaneez Fatima and Govindaraju Archunan and Nargis Begum and Muhammad Ilyas and Esam Azhar and Ghazi Abdullah Damanhouri and Ishtiaq Qadri} }